Pterygium is a benign, wing-shaped growth of fibrovascular tissue that develops on the conjunctiva—the clear tissue covering the white part of your eye. In many cases, this growth extends onto the cornea, potentially affecting your vision if it becomes too pronounced. You might have heard it called “surfer’s eye” because it’s commonly seen in people who spend a lot of time outdoors, particularly in sunny, dusty, or windy environments. In Australia, where the UV index is often high, awareness of this condition is particularly important.
The primary culprit is long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, which can damage the eye’s surface. Other contributing factors include chronic exposure to wind, dust, and dry conditions—all of which are common in many parts of Australia. Genetics may also play a role, but environmental exposure remains the key factor. Essentially, the more you expose your eyes to harsh outdoor conditions without protection, the higher your risk of developing pterygium.
Yes, there are several proactive steps you can take:
- Wear UV-protective sunglasses: Ensure your sunglasses block 99-100% of UVA and UVB rays. Read more about sunglasses/goggles for sports 🔗.
- Use a hat with a brim: This helps reduce the amount of direct sunlight hitting your eyes.
- Avoid prolonged exposure: Particularly during peak sunlight hours.
- Regular eye check-ups: Early detection is key in managing any changes.
In Australia, where high UV levels are common, these preventive measures are strongly recommended by many optometry professionals.
Look out for these signs and symptoms:
- Visible growth: A fleshy, triangular-shaped tissue that usually appears on the nasal side (the side closest to the nose) of your eye.
- Redness and irritation: Your eye may feel consistently red or irritated.
- Dryness or a gritty sensation: You might experience discomfort similar to having sand in your eye.
- Blurring of vision: If the growth extends onto the cornea, it can cause vision distortions.
If you notice any of these symptoms, especially if you spend a lot of time outdoors, it’s wise to monitor the condition and seek professional advice.
Treatment largely depends on the severity and the symptoms:
- Mild cases: Often, no immediate treatment is required. Eye lubricants or artificial tears can help manage dryness and irritation.
- Moderate to severe cases: When the pterygium interferes with vision or causes significant discomfort, surgical removal may be advised. Post-surgery, additional measures like the use of anti-inflammatory eye drops are recommended to reduce the risk of recurrence.
We stress that management should be tailored to the individual, ensuring that the benefits of intervention outweigh the risks.
When should I see an optical professional?
It’s important to see an eye care professional if:
- You notice a persistent or growing tissue on the surface of your eye.
- You experience ongoing irritation, redness, or dryness.
- There are changes in your vision, such as blurriness or distortion.
Early consultation can help in monitoring the condition, determining whether treatment is necessary, and implementing strategies to prevent further progression. Given the high UV exposure in Australia, regular check-ups are particularly beneficial if you who spend significant time outdoors.
