Macular degeneration, or age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a progressive eye condition that affects the macula, a small central part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision. It is the leading cause of blindness and vision impairment in Australians over 50, affecting one in seven individuals. This prevalence is expected to rise as the population ages.
There are two main types of AMD: dry AMD, which progresses slowly and results from yellow spots called drusen which is composed of waste products, and wet AMD, which is more aggressive and characterised by the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina which can start to leak. Both types can significantly affect quality of life.
Age: AMD predominantly affects those over 50, with the risk increasing significantly with age.
Genetics: A family history of AMD is a major risk factor, doubling the likelihood of developing the condition.
Lifestyle: Smoking is one of the most significant modifiable risk factors, increasing the chance of AMD three to four times compared to non-smokers. Poor nutrition, obesity, and low intake of antioxidants like lutein and zeaxanthin (a high extent found in dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and silverbeet) also play a role.
Macular degeneration cannot be completely prevented. However, there are lifestyle changes and precautions that can reduce the risk or slow down its progression, especially in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
In short, while you can’t entirely prevent the condition, adopting a healthy lifestyle and having regular eye checkups can make a significant difference in maintaining eye health and potentially delaying the onset or progression of the disease.
AMD is often asymptomatic in its initial stages. This silent progression highlights the importance of regular eye examinations, as early detection can slow its development. Noticeable indicators include:
- Blurred or distorted vision: As the condition progresses, individuals may notice blurry central vision or that straight lines appear wavy or bent. This distortion can make daily tasks more challenging.
- Difficulty in low light: Adjusting to dim lighting may become increasingly difficult. For example, reading in a softly lit room might feel unusually straining.
- Central blind spot: In advanced AMD, a dark or blank area may develop in the center of vision, significantly impacting activities such as reading or recognising faces
The Amsler Grid 🔗 helps you sel f-monitor at home for any changes to your macular. If you notice abnormalities to the grid like distortion, book in to see us immediately.
For Dry AMD: Lifestyle adjustments are crucial. Quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and eating a diet rich in leafy greens, nuts, and fish can help preserve retinal health. Eye-specific supplements containing vitamins C and E, zinc, and lutein, like Macutec 🔗, have shown promise in slowing the disease’s progression.
For Wet AMD: Treatment focuses on managing abnormal blood vessel growth with anti-VEGF injections into the eye. These medications, can slow or stop vision loss and you may need these injections every few weeks. There is always new research going on with the management of wet AMD, with advancing treatments year on year.
Support services: Programs like the Macular Disease Foundation Australia’s Eye Connect 🔗 provide tailo red support, including practical advice, nutritional guidance, and emotional counselling. These support services 🔗 help individuals a dapt to vision changes and maintain independence.
When should I see an optical professional?
If you’re over 65 years of age, get your eyes checked at least every year. Regular eye exams are essential for detecting AMD early, especially since the condition can develop without symptoms.
For more information, visit the Macular Disease Foundation Australia 🔗 or Optometry Australia 🔗.
